![]() ![]() The SA node is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which controls all of the automatic functions of the body including heartbeat, breathing and digestion. When cells return to normal it's called repolarization, and the process is repeated with every heartbeat. ![]() Once one cell depolarizes it sparks a chain reaction and electricity flows from cell to cell. Cells depolarize as some of their negative atoms are allowed through the cell membrane, and it's this depolarization that causes electricity in the heart. The environment outside the cells is positive. ![]() When the heart muscle is relaxed the cells are electrically polarized, meaning the inside of each cell has a negative electrical charge. Special cells often referred to as "pacemaker" cells produce electricity in the body by rapidly changing their electrical charge from positive to negative and back again. ![]()
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